Writing paragraph with Adequate-Inadequate and
Coherence
A
paragraph is a collection of sentences which all relate to one main idea or
topic. Effective paragraphs have four main characteristics: a topic sentence,
unity, coherence, and adequate development. Each of these characteristics is
discussed below.
Unity refers to the
extent to which all of the ideas contained within a given paragraph "hang
together" in a way that is easy for the reader to understand. When the
writer changes to a new idea -- one which is not consistent with the topic
sentence of the paragraph -- the writer should begin a new paragraph. Unity is
important because it aids the reader in following along with the writer's
ideas. The reader can expect that a given paragraph will deal only with one
main topic; when a new paragraph begins, this signals that the writer is moving
on to a new topic.
Consider the
following example. Note that there are two main ideas presented in this
paragraph. The topic sentence indicates that the paragraph will deal with the
subject of "employees' attitudes," but the paragraph shifts
unexpectedly to the topic of "management's attitudes." To achieve
unity in this paragraph, the writer should begin a new paragraph when the switch
is made from employees to managers.
Example
"Employees'
attitudes at Jonstone Electric Company should be improved. The workers do not
feel that they are a working team instead of just individuals. If people felt
they were a part of a team, they would not misuse the tools, or deliberately
undermine the work of others. Management's attitude toward its employees should
also be improved. Managers at Jonstone Electric act as though their employees
are incapable of making decisions or doing their own work. Managers treat
workers like objects, not human beings."
Coherence refers to
the extent to which the flow of ideas in a paragraph is easily understood by
the reader. For this reason, coherence is closely related to unity. When a
writer changes main ideas or topics within a paragraph, confusion often
results. To achieve coherence, then, a writer should show how all of the ideas
contained in a paragraph are relevant to the main topic.
Consider the example
below. In this paragraph, the writer begins with the topic of job-skills
courses, but veers off onto the topic of algebra and history before returning
to the subject of courses on employment. As a result, the paragraph is
disjointed and difficult to understand.
Example
"Schools should
offer courses to help students with the problems of unemployment. Such a course
might begin with a discussion of where to find employment, then cover resume
writing and interviewing. Algebra and history don't help students with
real-world needs. They are required courses that students aren't interested in,
and this is frustrating for students who would rather learn about other
subjects. If schools offered job-skills courses, students would be well
prepared for the difficult task of finding a job once they finish school."
A paragraph is
adequately developed when it describes, explains and supports the topic
sentence. If the "promise" of the topic sentence is not fulfilled, or
if the reader is left with questions after reading the paragraph, the paragraph
has not been adequately developed. Generally speaking, a paragraph which
consists of only two or three sentences is under-developed. A good rule of
thumb to follow is to make sure that a paragraph contains at least four
sentences which explain and elaborate on the topic sentence.
Consider the
paragraph below. The topic sentence promises to discuss "several"
points of comparison and contrast between leadership and management, but the
remainder of the paragraph falls short of fulfilling this promise. Only one
point of comparison is raised, and this point is left unexplained. Several
questions remain unanswered. How are leaders different from managers? In what
specific ways are the two alike? Why must a manager be a good leader to be
effective? Why must good leaders know how to manage people effectively? To
achieve adequate development in this paragraph, these questions should be
addressed.
The pieces story of me
Hi everybody. In this accassion I would like to explore
you the pieces of my life. Well, my name is Oki Misdar. I was born on October,
21st 1993. I born in the town which is very convenient, Metro city
but my origin is Padangness. I live in 15 b Barat at Maulana street. Simply, if
you ever knew Holand Bakery or Invist so behind Holand is my address home. :D
I like reading. Almost every day I read articles of
islam and sometimes scientific discoveries. I love novels that the story has
good qualities such as Habbiburahman El Shirazy’s books or Andrea Hirata’s books.
Have you ever read one of them? I even almost
memorized part of the story :D . But, of all the
overall, I’m not a nerd. Book is a loyal friend who never betrayed. When I feel
gloomy, I read the novel and I was like entering into a new world. Otherwise, I
love travelling so much and how social life in there. I’ve been exploring a
region which previously unknown alone.
That’s part of my hobby, now let me picture you how I
look like. So if you meet me in another place you can recognize me :D. I have a
tiny body. I have beautifull eyes with brown color, white skin and oval face.
My lips is thin and my nose is not too flat :D . I’m patient, open minded and
hard worker person. I preferred children and romantic person :D . I also a
visionary. That’s why I have to keep what should I keep and how to facing
dynamic challenges of the world :D haaaa. I’m positive thinking and like
discuss something. And I like to see things in a different way.
I’m interested in opening a business like clothing
stores in the future or home industry even though I love teaching. That’s the pieces of me and my life. Someone who is from the usual and want to give a works.
Someone who makes the book as a closed friend and
wants to mean to many people.
Blue color is Introduction
Pink color is Description
Yellow color is Conclution
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar