How to write paragraph with adequate and inadequate

 A paragraph is a collection of sentences which all relate to one main idea or topic. Effective paragraphs have four main characteristics: a topic sentence, unity, coherence, and adequate development.

Adequate Development means to communicate a single idea fully, clearly, and effectively.

            The Differences between Cohesion and Coherence

Cohesion

Cohesion is a state or situation in which all the parts or ideas fit together well so that they form a united whole. Synonym : cohesiveness, coherence

Example : There was no cohesion in their performance. The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes at election time.

Coherence

Coherence has two specific meanings/usages.

(1) The quality that something has when it makes sense or is pleasing because all the parts or steps fit together well and logically Synonym : unity Antonym : incoherence

Example : The stage sets were brilliant and they gave coherence to a piece which was bitty in the second half. The points you make are fine, but the whole essay lacks coherence.

(2) A state or situation in which all the parts or ideas fit together so well so that they form a united whole. Synonym cohesion, cohesiveness Antonym : incoherence

Example : His arrival threatened the coherence of the group. France's entry enhanced the coherence of the alliance.

Tell more about Cohesion

Cohesion

Cohesion is achieved when writers connect their organized parts with sufficiently clear and numerous signals--like the words 'finally,' 'thus,' 'however,'--to make the development of their cases intelligible and to lead the reader safely along the emerging lines of their arguments. . . .

"[W]riting must have not only coherence, an effective design, but cohesion, an explicit set of 'hooks' and 'ties' that ensure a reader's interest and comprehension. Coherence is the kind of 'holding together' that a good design will give any discourse, whether written or spoken. Cohesion is the result of giving readers the right kind of explicit help in figuring out the design. Cohesion gives readers the clues for discovering coherence."
(Wayne C. Booth and Marshall W. Gregory, The Harper & Row Rhetoric: Writing as Thinking/Thinking as Writing, 1987)

Types of Cohesion

"In linguistics, [cohesion is] the use of language forms to indicate semantic relations between elements in a discourse. Grammatical cohesion concerns such matters as reference, ellipsis, substitution, and conjunction; lexical cohesion concerns such features as synonymy, antonymy, metonymy, collocation, repetition, etc.; instantial cohesion concerns ties that are valid only for a particular text. Together, cohesion and register contribute to textuality, the sense that something is a text and not a random collection of sentences."
(Tom Michael McCarthy and Tom McArthur, "Cohesion." The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)

                                                                                             

The pieces story of me

Hi everybody. In this accassion I would like to explore you the pieces of my life. Well, my name is Oki Misdar. I was born on October, 21^st 1993. I born in the town which is very convenient, Metro city but my origin is Padangness. I live in 15 b Barat at Maulana street. Simply, if you ever knew Holand Bakery or Invist so behind Holand is my address home. :D

I like reading. Almost every day I read articles of islam and sometimes scientific discoveries. I love novels that the story has good qualities such as Habbiburahman El Shirazy’s books or Andrea Hirata’s books. Have you ever read one of them? I even almost memorized part of the story :D . But, of all the overall, I’m not a nerd. Book is a loyal friend who never betrayed. When I feel gloomy, I read the novel and I was like entering into a new world. Otherwise, I love travelling so much and how social life in there. I’ve been exploring a region which previously unknown alone.

That’s part of my hobby, now let me picture you how I look like. So if you meet me in another place you can recognize me :D. I have a tiny body. I have beautifull eyes with brown color, white skin and oval face. My lips is thin and my nose is not too flat :D . I’m patient, open minded and hard worker person. I preferred children and romantic person :D . I also a visionary. That’s why I have to keep what should I keep and how to facing dynamic challenges of the world :D haaaa. I’m positive thinking and like discuss something. And I like to see things in a different way.

I’m interested in opening a business like clothing stores in the future or home industry even though I love teaching. That’s the pieces of me and my life. Someone who is from the usual and want to give a works. Someone who makes the book as a closed friend and wants to mean to many people.

Identifying the paragraph with adequate cohesion

Cohesion Sentencese	Explanation
In this accassion I would like to explore you the pieces of my life. Well, my name is Oki Misdar. I was born on October, 21st 1993	This sentence have related to the next sentence because the first sentence is cohesion with the second sentence.
I like reading. Almost every day I read articles of islam and sometimes scientific discoveries	The first sentence is explaining about hobby. The second sentence is the specific about her hobby. So, the sentences are cohesion with each sentence
I love novels that the story has good qualities such as Habbiburahman El Shirazy’s books or Andrea Hirata’s books	The sentence give example about the first statement of the first sentence.
That’s part of my hobby, now let me picture you how I look like. So if you meet me in another place you can recognize me :D.	The fist sentence have the related with the next sentence
I also a visionary. That’s why I have to keep what should I keep and how to facing dynamic challenges of the world	The first sentence is the character of writer. The second sentence is explanation about character.

The pieces story of me

Writing paragraph with Adequate-Inadequate and Coherence

 A paragraph is a collection of sentences which all relate to one main idea or topic. Effective paragraphs have four main characteristics: a topic sentence, unity, coherence, and adequate development. Each of these characteristics is discussed below.

Unity

Unity refers to the extent to which all of the ideas contained within a given paragraph "hang together" in a way that is easy for the reader to understand. When the writer changes to a new idea -- one which is not consistent with the topic sentence of the paragraph -- the writer should begin a new paragraph. Unity is important because it aids the reader in following along with the writer's ideas. The reader can expect that a given paragraph will deal only with one main topic; when a new paragraph begins, this signals that the writer is moving on to a new topic.

Consider the following example. Note that there are two main ideas presented in this paragraph. The topic sentence indicates that the paragraph will deal with the subject of "employees' attitudes," but the paragraph shifts unexpectedly to the topic of "management's attitudes." To achieve unity in this paragraph, the writer should begin a new paragraph when the switch is made from employees to managers.

Example

"Employees' attitudes at Jonstone Electric Company should be improved. The workers do not feel that they are a working team instead of just individuals. If people felt they were a part of a team, they would not misuse the tools, or deliberately undermine the work of others. Management's attitude toward its employees should also be improved. Managers at Jonstone Electric act as though their employees are incapable of making decisions or doing their own work. Managers treat workers like objects, not human beings."

Coherence

Coherence refers to the extent to which the flow of ideas in a paragraph is easily understood by the reader. For this reason, coherence is closely related to unity. When a writer changes main ideas or topics within a paragraph, confusion often results. To achieve coherence, then, a writer should show how all of the ideas contained in a paragraph are relevant to the main topic.

Consider the example below. In this paragraph, the writer begins with the topic of job-skills courses, but veers off onto the topic of algebra and history before returning to the subject of courses on employment. As a result, the paragraph is disjointed and difficult to understand.

Example

"Schools should offer courses to help students with the problems of unemployment. Such a course might begin with a discussion of where to find employment, then cover resume writing and interviewing. Algebra and history don't help students with real-world needs. They are required courses that students aren't interested in, and this is frustrating for students who would rather learn about other subjects. If schools offered job-skills courses, students would be well prepared for the difficult task of finding a job once they finish school."

Adequate Development

A paragraph is adequately developed when it describes, explains and supports the topic sentence. If the "promise" of the topic sentence is not fulfilled, or if the reader is left with questions after reading the paragraph, the paragraph has not been adequately developed. Generally speaking, a paragraph which consists of only two or three sentences is under-developed. A good rule of thumb to follow is to make sure that a paragraph contains at least four sentences which explain and elaborate on the topic sentence.

Consider the paragraph below. The topic sentence promises to discuss "several" points of comparison and contrast between leadership and management, but the remainder of the paragraph falls short of fulfilling this promise. Only one point of comparison is raised, and this point is left unexplained. Several questions remain unanswered. How are leaders different from managers? In what specific ways are the two alike? Why must a manager be a good leader to be effective? Why must good leaders know how to manage people effectively? To achieve adequate development in this paragraph, these questions should be addressed.

                                                      The pieces story of me

Hi everybody. In this accassion I would like to explore you the pieces of my life. Well, my name is Oki Misdar. I was born on October, 21^st 1993. I born in the town which is very convenient, Metro city but my origin is Padangness. I live in 15 b Barat at Maulana street. Simply, if you ever knew Holand Bakery or Invist so behind Holand is my address home. :D

I like reading. Almost every day I read articles of islam and sometimes scientific discoveries. I love novels that the story has good qualities such as Habbiburahman El Shirazy’s books or Andrea Hirata’s books. Have you ever read one of them? I even almost memorized part of the story :D . But, of all the overall, I’m not a nerd. Book is a loyal friend who never betrayed. When I feel gloomy, I read the novel and I was like entering into a new world. Otherwise, I love travelling so much and how social life in there. I’ve been exploring a region which previously unknown alone.

That’s part of my hobby, now let me picture you how I look like. So if you meet me in another place you can recognize me :D. I have a tiny body. I have beautifull eyes with brown color, white skin and oval face. My lips is thin and my nose is not too flat :D . I’m patient, open minded and hard worker person. I preferred children and romantic person :D . I also a visionary. That’s why I have to keep what should I keep and how to facing dynamic challenges of the world :D haaaa. I’m positive thinking and like discuss something. And I like to see things in a different way.

I’m interested in opening a business like clothing stores in the future or home industry even though I love teaching. That’s the pieces of me and my life. Someone who is from the usual and want to give a works. Someone who makes the book as a closed friend and wants to mean to many people.

 Blue color is Introduction

  Pink color is Description

Yellow color is Conclution

 

EXPOSITORY TEXT

Expository text is a paragraph that explain or analyzes a topic is an expository paragraph. It includes information, explanation,facts and illustration.

Generic Structure of Expository:
a. Topic sentence
b. Supporting sentence: example, detail, charts
c. Concluding sentence

Language Forms of Expository:
a.  Using process verbs :begin, star,continue, etc
b. Using indefinite transitions
c. Using question work mark
d. Using charts
e. Using present tenses

Example:

                                                    FASHION  IN THE PARTY
                                                        What Must We Wear?


                Fashion in the party is a very important thing to every people especially Artist and Celebrities such as a Singer, a Musician, an Actor, an Actris and  High Official. Every people want to look perfect in the party. They sometimes make extra efforts to look perfect in the party. One of them is their appearance—what must we wear to look perfect. For appearance we need a best clothes to look beauty and stylish, and accesories as a completary to look up—to—date. For example, Taylor Swift—a singer—make her looks beauty with wear a polkadot dress in the party, Avril Lavigne make her looks stylish with wear short dress with stocking and a wedges, and Kristen Stewart with her Chic simple maroon blouse dress and long gold necklace with high heels to look up—to—date. For a man usually wear tuxedo with jewerly such as black watch, and loafers. Beside that, people must keep healthy on the day of party. For instance, the people must eat organic food and low—fat food to keep their weight. For examples Britney Spears with her food  Salad and drink a orange juice. And the last, the people must attention their body care to completary fashion in the party. For example, a lot of people a frequent a fitness center in order to get ideal weight and shape. People also visit spas and beauty parlors for various body treatment such as cream bath, facial treatment, body massage, manicure, and pedicure. For instance, Emma Watson with her facial treatment. In short, fashion in the party is a very important thing because it’s identify our style and personality.

NARRATIVE TEXT

Definition of Narative Text

Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problem.
Narative has social function that is to tell stories either in present which is called present narrative, past events which called past narrative and future which is called future narative,to entertain the reader.

Genetic Structure of Narrative:
a. Orientation
     Orientation consists of the time, the place, and also some          characters involved in this genre.
b. Complication
     Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with    or among participants relationship in a process of social function
c. Resolution
     Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse

Language Forms of Narrative:
a. Using processes verb : tell, says,
b. Using temporal conjuction : Chronological Order
c.Using simple past tense

Example:
                                              Finding farmers Magic Box


In the afternoon, there was a poor farmer . He lives with his wife . One day , he dug his field and found a very large box . He then store them in their homes . One sunny morning ,she dropped apples in the box . Suddenly, the box gets filled with apples . No matter how many apples were taken out , more apples going on inside the box . One day , forming dropping gold coins into the box.

  Simultaneously , Apple began to disappear and the box full of gold coins . Farmer soon became rich . After hearing that his son became wealthy , forming a father visiting couples . His father was not very strong . He could not go out to work again . So the farmer asked his old father to help him take the gold coins out of the box . His father worked hard , took the gold coins out of the box . When he was told that he was very tired and wanted to rest , the farmer yelled to him , ' Why are you so lazy Why can not you work harder old man said nothing and continued to work long Suddenly ? . man fell into the box , he died.

  As well as gold coins began to disappear and the box is filled with the dead . The former should be pulled out and buried . to do this , farmers have to spend all the money that had been collected earlier. When he had spent all his money , broke box . farmer was ugly as before, terrible ending.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

Generic Structure of Descriptive:
a. Topic sentence
b. Supporting sentences
c.Concluding sentences

Language Forms of Descriptive
a. Using linking verb
b. Using three parameter of sense
c. Using spatial order
d. Using multiple tenses based on rhe time

Example:

My friend's new shoes

I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always wants to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from Cibaduyut shoes products. These shoes really match on her.
Her new Cibaduyut women's shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really has perfect appearance.
She is really mad on those shoes. She said that the products covered all genders. The Cibaduyut men's shoes are as elegant as she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international trade mark and become the hottest trend.

Tragedy of love

Tragedi pertama yang terjadi pada hidup manusia adalah tragedi cinta..